NEW ILLUSTRATED PUBLICATION ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN BATURYN
Zenon Kohut, Volodymyr Mezentsev, Yurii Sytyi, Rozkopky u Baturyni 2019 roku. Kakhli het’mans’koi stolytsi XVII – pochatku XVIII st. (Excavations at Baturyn in 2019. Stove Tiles of the Hetman Capital, Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries), Toronto: Homin Ukrainy/Ukrainian Echo Publishing Company Ltd., 2020, 36 pp. in Ukrainian, 70 colour illustrations, glossy paper.
This attractive and colourful publication is the ninth annual booklet in a series (2011-20) devoted to the archaeological and historical research of Baturyn, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. The town was one of the capitals of the Cossack state, or Hetmanate, and is remarkable for its glorious and tragic history. This publication is recommended for both scholars and general readers interested in Ukrainian antiquities.
Since 2001, the Canada-Ukraine project for the study of the history and culture of early modern Baturyn has been sponsored by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies (CIUS) at the University of Alberta, the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies at the University of Toronto, and the Ucrainica Research Institute in Toronto. This project is affiliated with The Peter Jacyk Centre for Ukrainian Historical Research at CIUS Toronto Office (https://www.ualberta.ca/canadian-institute-of-ukrainian-studies/centres-and-programs/jacyk-centre/baturyn-project.html). Prof. Zenon Kohut, the former director of CIUS and an eminent historian of the Hetmanate, is the founder of the Baturyn project and its academic adviser. Dr. Volodymyr Mezentsev (CIUS) is the project’s executive director. Archaeologist Yurii Sytyi of the National University of “Chernihiv Collegium” heads the archaeological expedition, which is based at this university. It has conducted annual excavations in Baturyn from 1995.
The most generous benefactors of the Baturyn study are artist Roman J. Wasylyszyn and the late poetess Volodymyra Wasylyszyn (Philadelphia), Dr. George J. Iwanchyshyn (Toronto), and Michael S. Humnicky (Murfreesboro, TN). In 2019-21, the archaeological and historical investigations of the hetman capital and the preparation of associated publications were supported with donations from the Ucrainica Research Institute (Orest Steciw, M.A., president, executive director of the League of Ukrainian Canadians), National Executive of LUC (Borys Mykhaylets, president), LUC – Toronto Branch (Mykola Lytvyn, president), the National Executive of the League of Ukrainian Canadian Women (Halyna Vynnyk, president), LUCW – Toronto Branch (H. Vynnyk, president), the Kniahynia Olha Branch of the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada (Vera Melnyk, president), the BCU Financial (Oksana Prociuk-Ciz, CEO, Chrystyna Bidiak, personnel manager), the BCU Foundation (Roman Medyk, chair, Lada Kozak, managing director), the Prometheus Foundation (Maria Szkambara, president), the Ukrainian Credit Union (Taras Pidzamecky, CEO) in Toronto, the Ukrainian Studies Fund in New York, and the Zorya Inc. in Greenwich, Connecticut.
In the light of latest research, the authors of this booklet survey the foundation of Baturyn as an eleventh-century border fortress of the Chernihiv Principality of Kyivan Rus’, its history and material culture during the Polish rule over Left-bank Ukraine, the Khmelnytsky revolution, and the town’s dynamic development as the capital of the Cossack realm from 1669, particularly under the illustrious reign of Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1687-1709). His uprising, in alliance with Sweden, against Moscow’s increasing curtailment of the political autonomy of Cossack Ukraine and the total destruction of the insurgent Baturyn by Russian troops in 1708 has been described.
The brochure examines in details the results of the 2018-20 excavations of remnants of an intriguing underground brick tunnel on Mazepa’s estate, the home of his closest assistant, Chancellor General Pylyp Orlyk, and the dwelling of a well-to-do Cossack within the town’s environs which were burned during this onslaught. The investigators present their computer graphic reconstructions and photos of polymer clay replicas of the unearthed broken and burnt ceramic tiles that faced the heating stoves at Mazepa’s palace and Cossack houses of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. They have graphically recreated the masterful floral ornaments and the uniquely designed coats of arms of both Mazepa and Orlyk depicted on the multicoloured glazed ceramic and plain terracotta plaques found at Orlyk’s home. Also included are graphic reconstructions of the upper façades of two ruined tiled stoves adorned with heraldic emblems of the hetman and his chancellor. These locally manufactured stove revetment tiles from the Cossack elite residences of Mazepa’s capital represent valuable examples of Ukrainian baroque ceramic and heraldic arts.
During the second half of the eighteenth century, Hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky rebuilt and repopulated the devastated Baturyn. However, the local production of such stove tiles with relief images in the Ukrainian baroque style never recovered in the town after its ravaging by tsarist forces in 1708.
For a recent illustrated English-language article by these authors on Mazepa’s armorial bearings discovered in Baturyn, please see Ukrainian Echo, Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 1-3 (Homin Ukrainy, Vol. LXXIII, No. 10, pp. 7-10) Toronto, March 9, 2021 (http://www. homin.ca/ news.php/news/23420/group/8). A detailed illustrated Ukrainian-language academic article by V. Mezentsev on the heraldic stove plaques unearthed at Orlyk’s residence in Baturyn is placed in PDF format in the website “Ivan Mazepa Name” under the following link: http://www.mazepa.name/ cms/wp-content/uploads/Hlukh-20-rec-herby.pdf. Brief reports on annual excavations at Baturyn in 2001-20 in English are available online in Canadio-Byzantina, nos. 13-32 (https://uot tawa.scholarsportal.info/ottawa/ index.php/cb/issue/archive).
The publication of the advertised booklet was funded by the BCU Foundation and the Ucrainica Research Institute. This and earlier brochures of the Baturyn series can be purchased for $10 from the office of the National Executive of the League of Ukrainian Canadians in Toronto (tel.: 416-516-8223, email: luc@lucorg.com) and through the CIUS Press in Edmonton (tel.: 780-492-2973, email: cius@ualberta.ca, web: https://www.ciuspress. com/product-category/archaeology/). These booklets can be ordered online from the CIUS Press website.
Researchers of Baturyn in Ukraine and Canada plan to resume excavations there this coming summer. However, the Ukrainian government may suspend its funding of the field research in this town during the pandemic quarantine. Thus, the continued benevolent support from Ukrainian organizations, foundations, companies, and private benefactors in North America would be most needed to sustain further archaeological explorations of Mazepa’s capital and the publication of its findings this year. Canadian citizens are kindly invited to send their cheques with donations to: Mr. Orest Steciw, President, Ucrainica Research Institute, 9 Plastics Ave., Toronto, ON, Canada M8Z 4B6. Please make your cheques payable to: Ucrainica Research Institute (memo: Baturyn Project).
American residents are advised to send their donations to: Ukrainian Studies Fund, P.O. Box 285, North Billerica, MA, 01862, U.S.A. Please make your cheques payable to: Ukrainian Studies Fund (memo: Baturyn Project). These Ukrainian institutions will issue official tax receipts to all donors in Canada and the United States. They will be gratefully acknowledged in related publications and public lectures.
For more information about the Baturyn project, readers can contact Dr. Volodymyr Mezentsev in Toronto (tel.: 416-766-1408, email: v.mezentsev@ utoronto.ca). Its participants kindly thank the Ukrainian communities in North America for their generous ongoing support of the historical and archaeological study of the Cossack capital, especially during the pandemic.
